PowerPoint presentation

This will give you more clues of what we expect and we will mark.

Power Point Presentation Evaluation

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Help for your PowerPoints

Power Point

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Evaluation of closely-related-to-trip tasks

Evaluation of London Calling Trip

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A Trip to Remember

OK students, this is a basic example of a PowerPoint about the trip. If I can do a simple example of poor quality in 2 nights, you can do a splendid task in groups in 2 weeks. Enjoy.

A trip to remember

Tags: london calling powerpoint

Section 3 - Favourite places in London

Here we start section 3.

London Calling Trip Travellers:
Using the blog that belongs to your group, upload the photos you have of your favourite places in London. Write comments about them: Why you like them, a short description, why they are important...

Non-travellers:
Check your classmates' photos, opinions and descriptions. You must leave comments. Be respectful. Would you like to see these places live? Do you agree to their opinion? Are they interesting? ...

Remember. Your work is part of the English mark.

For your dossier only

OK, this is going to be part of the dossier you will take to London with you.

1.- First, download the document.
2.- Then fill the first page with your name.
3.- Once you know, once the teacher has confirmed your route, erase all the other routes.
4.- Erase all the information that is not useful for you and add anything that you think you may need to remember, etc.
5.- Once finished, print it and hand it in to Ogroprofe.

If you can't download it from here, try the URL:

http://issuu.com/ogroprofe/docs/personal_dossier_londres

Open publication - Free publishing - More preparation

What do we need to take to London?

Here's a list of things you can/may/must take to London. Don't forget the dossier!

What to Take to London

Publish at Scribd or explore others: Other Academic Work necessary items

For your dossier only

OK, this is going to be part of the dossier you will take to London with you.

1.- First, download the document.
2.- Then fill the first page with your name.
3.- Once you know, once the teacher has confirmed your route, erase all the other routes.
4.- Erase all the information that is not useful for you and add anything that you think you may need to remember, etc.
5.- Once finished, print it and hand it in to Ogroprofe.

If you can't download it from here, try the URL:

http://www.scribd.com/doc/13458488/Personal-Dossier-Londres

Personal Dossier Londres

Publish at Scribd or explore others: Academic Work useful information

Touring Candem Town from BCN

Candem Town or OT

Let's Talk: British Drinks

Laura L from 1st bat C and Heura L from 1st bat B

Let's Talk: Afternoon Tea and high tea

Cristina R and Raquel L from 1st bat C

Self-evaluation. Section 1

Dear students,

Print this page, mark your own evaluation and bring it to the exam.

Rubric Section 1

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Ogroprofe

Reading Exam

Let me remind you about the reading exam. It will only contain section 1, which starts with: "Section 1 - Brief History of London. Roman London " (January, 13th), and finishes with: "East End boys and West End girls?" (February, 19th)

Regent's Park and Marylebone

South of Regent's Park, you can find the Medieval village of Marylebone, with the highest number of Georgian houses in London.

Sites to visit:

• Mme Tussaud and Planetarium
• Regent's Park
• Saint Marylebone Parish Church
• Harley Street
• Portland Place
• Broadcasting House
• All Souls church
• Langham Hotel
• Wigmore Hall
• Wallace Collection
• Sherlock Holmes Museum (The building has been altered and furnished exactly like 221b, Baker Street. You are shown the different rooms and you can buy Sherlock's books and hunter's hats on the ground floor)
  
• London Central Mosque
• Regent's Canal
• London Zoo
• Cumberland Terrace
  

Kensington and Holland Park

Around Holland Park, you can see unbelievable Victorian Houses in a luxurious residential area. Two of them are open to the public. Bayswater and Noting Hill are more cosmopolitan and lively. Portobello Road has beome a popular market, where you can find anything from food to antiques.

Sites to see:

• Holland Park (with more trees than Hyde Park and Kensington Gardens. It contains some original gardens from the beginning of the 19th century, a Japanese garden and fauna)
  
• Leighton House
• Linley Sambourne House
• Kensington Roof Gardens (6000 square metres of a 1930 garden on a roof; the gardens include a wood, a Spanish garden with palm trees, an English garden with pond, ducks and a couple of flamingoes. Free entry)
• Kensington Square
• Kensington Palace Gardens
• The Diana, Princess of Wales Memorial Playground
• Queensway
• Portobello Road (a lively market since 1837)
• Notting Hill
  

South Kensington and Knightsbridge

Area of consulates and embassies.

Sites to see:

• Natural History Museum
• Victoria and Albert Museum
• Brompton Oratory
• Royal College of Music
• Royal Albert Hall
• Royal College of Art
• Albert Memorial
• Serpentine Gallery
• Kensington Palace
• Kensington Gardens
• Hyde Park
• Speaker's Corner (in 1872 the law allowed public speeches on any subject. Since then, on this corner of Hyde Park there's a meeting point of orators and eccentric speakers)
• Marble Arch
• Harrods
  

Chelsea

It became a fashionable area in Tudor times. It was the place for artists, like Turner, Whistler and Rossetti, and intelectuals. From the 1960's to the 80's young extravagant bohemian people used to live around the area. Nowadays it is too expensive for them.

Sotes to see:

• King's Road (here started the fashions of the mini-skirt and the punk)
• Carlyle's House. (historian and founder of the London Library; he had gatherings in this house with famous people like Charles Dickens, William Thackeray, Alfred Lord Tennyson and Charles Darwin)
• Chelsea Old Church
• Roper's Garden
• Cheyne Walk (the plaques on the houses' walls of this street show the names of their old inhabitants: J M W Turner at 119, George Eliot at 4, Henry James, T S Eliot and Ian Fleming...)
• Chelsey Physic Garden
• National Army Museum
• Royal Hospital
• Saatchi Gallery
• Sloane Square
  

South Bank

The architecture of many of its buildings, especially the Hayward Gallery, has been widely criticised. Today it is admired by people interested in culture. Also, one can find one of the new symbols of the new millenium London, the London Eye; from its top there are great views of the town.

Sites to see:

• Royal National Theatre
• Hayward Gallery
• Royal Festival Hall
• County Hall
• British Airways London Eye
• Florence Nightingale Museum (the first "proper" nurse)
• Museum of Garden History
• Lambeth Palace
• Imperial War Museum
• The Old Vic (Vic from Victoria, not Vic from the Catalan town!)
• Gabriel's Wharf
• Waterloo Station

Southwark and Bankside

Southwark was the "escape" from The City, where people could find entertainment and forbidden pleasures. Borough High Street was full of taverns, some of their Medieval yards have been preserved. At the end of the 16th century, the area was full of theatres and premises for bear and cock fights. One can still see a reproduction of The Globe Theatre in its original setting. Also, we can see the Design Museum, historical pubs, Borough Market and Southwark Cathedral.

Sites to visit:

• Southwark Cathedral
• Hop Exchange (used to be a brewery)
• Borough Market
• George Inn
• The Old Operating Theatre
• The Globe Theatre
• Cardinal's Wharf
• Bankside Gallery
• Tate Modern
• The Anchor (pub from the 16th century, although there are older remains)
• Vinopolis
• Clink Prison Museum
• Bermondsey
• London Dungeon (museum to cause horror inspired by Madame Tussaud's horror room; it shows the most frightening part of British history, with actors and special effects. There are rooms dedicated to the Black Death, torture methods and Jack the Ripper)
• Design Museum
• HMS Belfast

Smithsfield and Spitalfields

North of the The City walls, the areas always offered protection to people who did not wnat to belong to The City or that were not welcome, like the Hugonots in the 17th century o immigrants from Europe or Bengala.

Sites to visit:

• Smithfield market
• Saint Botolph church
• Museum of London
• Charterhouse
• Cloth Fair street (where there was the most important clothes market in Tudor times)
• Saint Bartholomew the Great church
• Barbican (it holds 2 theatres, a concert hall, 2 cinemas, an important art gallery, a library with important sections on children and on music, a greenhouse, and the Guildhall school of Music and Drama)
• Saint Giles church
• Whitebread's Brewery (old beer factory, of course)
• Bunhill Fields (it became a cemetery after the Black Death; important writers are buried there: Daniel Defoe, John Bunyan and William Blake)
• Wesley's Chapel-Leysian Mission
• Broadgate Centre
• Whitechapel Art Gallery
• Old Spitalfields Market
• Christ Church
• Fournier Street
• London Jamme Masjid
• Spitalfields Centre Museum of Immigration and Diversity
• Brick Lane (Bengal London)
• Dennis Severs House
• Columbia Road Market
  

The City

The financial district of London. It is built on top of the Roman settlement of Londinium. The complete name is City of London, but it is best-known as The City. Most of the area disappeared in both the Great Fire in 1666 and World War II.

Sites to see and visit in Cockneyland:

• Mansion House (official residence of the Town Hall Mayor)
• Saint Stephen Walbrook church
• Royal Exchange
• Bank of England Museum
• Saint Mary-le-Bow church
• Saint Paul's Cathedral
• Old Bailey (long relationship with crime; opposite, the pub "Magpie and Stump" used to serve the execution breakfasts until 1868 until the hanging outside the prison was forbidden)
• Apothecaries' Hall (most members are doctors and surgeons; some strange old students: Oliver Cromwell and John Keats)
• Fishmonger's Hall
• Saint Magnus the Martyr church (shouldn't it be Olga instead of Magnus?)
• Monument
• Old Billingsgate
• Saint Mary-at-Hill church
• Saint Margarit -oops, Saint Margaret Pattens church
• Tower Bridge
• All Hallows by the Tower
• Tower of London
• Saint Katharines's Dock
  
• Stock Exchange
• Saint Helen's Bishopgate church
• Saint Katharine Cree church
• Leadenhall Market (started as the Roman Forum and has had a market since the Middle Ages)
• Lloyd's of London (modern building that remind us of the Pompidou in Paris)
• Guildhall Art Gallery
  

Cockney slang - explanation, examples and exercises

Get your own - Open publication

Cockney slang

Here's a conversation. A man from Manchester uses cockney rhyming to book a table in an American restaurant!!!

Holborn and Inns of Court

Traditionally the area of journalists and lawyers. There are several buildings prior to the Great Fire (Staple Inn, Prince Henry's Room and indoor Middle Temple Hall)

Sites to visit:

• Sir John Soane's Museum (son of a bricklayer, he became one of the main British architects of the 19th century
  
• Lincoln's Inn
• Lincoln's Inn Fields
• Old Curiosity Shop (it might have given its name to Dicken's novel; 17th century building and the oldest shop in central London. It survived the Great Fire)
  
• Law Society (architectural interesting building)
  
• Saint Clement Danes Church (there is a big chain hanging from the wall to stop people opening the tombs and stealing dead bodies to be sold in hospitals and be used in medicine lessons in old times)
• Royal Courts of Justice
• Temple Bar Memorial (It marks the entrance to The City; in ceremonies the King stops in front of it and asks the Town Hall Mayor for permission to go into the City.
  
• Fleet Street (here one found the first printer in England; Shakespeare and Ben Johnson -again the writer, not the athlete- were customers in Old Mitre Tavern)
  
• Prince Henry's Room
• Temple
• Saint Bride's (One of Wren's; many journalists and printers buried in it; the cript contains remains of previous temples and a fragment of a Roman road)
  
• Ye Olde Cheshire Cheese (clients of this tavern: Samuel Pepys -the journalist of the Great Fire-, Dr. Samuel Johnson, Mark Twain, Charles Dickens)
  
• Dr. Johnson's House
• Saint Andrew Church
  
• Holborn Viaduct
• Saint Etheldreda's Chapel
• Hatton Garden (street of diamonds and jewelry)
  
• Staple Inn
• London Silver Vaults
• Gray's Inn (Shakespeare and Charles Dickens)
  

Bloomsbury and Fitzrovia

Bloomsbury and Fitzrovia have been synonims of literature, art and erudition. The Bloomsbury artists and writers were active till 1930's. The name Fitzrovia was invented by Dylan Thomas, who was a client in the Fitzroy Tavern.

Sites to visit:

• British Museum
• Bloomsbury Square (Virginia Woolf and friends lived there)
• Saint George Church
• Russell Square (one of the biggest squares in London; you can find the best Victorian hotel, the Russel Hotel; the poet T.S. Elliot worked in the western corner of the square)
• Queen Square (George III stayed in a doctor's house who tried to cure him from a hereditary illness which drove him to madness and death)
• Charles Dickens Museum (he lived in here for 3 very productive years)
• Foundling Museum ( Captain Thomas Coram tried to give abandoned children housing and schooling. His friend William Hogarth gave him many pictures and he created the first art gallery in Britain, to invite rich people to his hospital and hope they left donations for the children)
• British Library
• Saint Pancras International
• Saint Pancras Parish Church (the outside looks very much like the Acropolis in Athens)
  
• Woburn Walk
• Pecival David Foundation for Chinese Art
• Fitzroy Square
• Fitzroy Tavern (famous clients: Dylan Thomas, George Orwell and Augustus John)
  
• Charlotte Street
• Pollock's Toy Museum
  

Covent Garden and the Strand

Sites to see:

• The Piazza and Central Market
• Saint Paul's Church
• London's Transport Museum
• Theatre Museum
• Theatre Royal Drury Lane
• Royal Opera House
• Neal Street and Neal's Yard (19th century shops)
• Thomas Neal's (commercial centre)
• Seven Dials (column with 6 clocks in the crossing of 7 streets)
• Lamb and Flag (pub from the 16th century)
• Photographers' Gallery
• Adelphy Theatre
• Savoy Hotel
• Savoy Chapel (the Queen's private chapel; it was the hospital's chapel in Henry VII's era; part of its walls date back to 1512)
• Somerset House
• Saint-Mary-le-Strand
• Roman Baths (which are not Roman)
• Bush House (BBC World Service premises; nothing to do with George Bush or his dad)
• Victoria Embankment Gardens
• Adelphi
• Charing Cross (the name comes from the last of the 12 crosses raised by Edward I to mark his wife's, Leonor from Castille, funeral route)
• London Coliseum (the biggest theatre in London and the first to have lifts in Europe)

Soho and Trafalgar Square

Famous as the entertainment area of town since its creation in the 12th century. Throughout its first hundred years, it was a very elegant area and its inhabitants held eccentric parties. It has become a multicultural suburb, famous for its Chinatown.

Sites to see:

• Trafalgar Square
• Admiralty Arch
• National Gallery
• Saint Martin-in-the-Fields (model of a church for United States; famous people are buried there -eg Charles's II lover Nell Gynne, the painters William Hogarth andJoshua Reynolds)
• National Portrait Gallery (it shows British history through the portraits of poets, kings and Queens, musicians, philosophers, heroes and villains)
• Leiscester Square (with Charles Chaplin's statue and Shakespeare's fountain)
• Theatre Royal Haymarket
• Shaftesbury Avenue (the theatre and cinema street; Count Shaftesbury opened this avenue between 1877 and 1886 to improve communications to the West End through a very poor suburb; he improved the lives of the poor of the area)
• Chinatown
• Charing Cross (bookshop street)
• Palace Theatre (the only architectural interesting theatre; it belongs to Andrew Lloyd Webber)
• Soho Square
• Berwick Street Market (veg & fuit street market since 1840)
• Carnaby Street (the Oxford dictionary accepts Carnaby as a synonym of "fashionable clothes for young people")
  

Picadilly and Saint James's

Picadilly is the main artery of the West End. The name comes from the 17th fashionable pickadillstan (remember the white piece of clothing round their necks??). Saint James's still preserves buildings from the 18th century, when it was full of Royal palaces and the court gathered and shopped in the area. Two shops in Saint James's Street remind us of this time: the hat shop Lock and the wine shop Berry Bros. & Rudd. Fortnum and Mason, in Picadilly, has served quality food for almost 300 years. In the north, Mayfair, is still the most elegant suburb in London.

Sites to visit:

• Picadilly Circus (Eros, the Greek God of Love, has become a symbol of London)
• Saint James's Church (a favourite of Wren's)
• Albany (Lord Byron, Graham Green, two Prime Ministers , William Gladstone and Edward Heath, and the actor Terence Stamp lived in this appartment building)
• Royal Academy of Arts
• Burlington Arcade (it still has caretakers that throw out the people who don't keep the site clean)
• Ritz Hotel
• Spencer House
• Saint James's Palace
• Saint James's Square
• Royal Opera Arcade
• Pall Mall (150-year-old elegant clubs only for men where they fleed from their wives)
• Institute of Contemporary Arts
• Saint James's Park
• The Mall
• Marlborough House
• Queen's Chapel
• Clarence House
• Lancaster House
• Buckingham Palace
• Queen's Gallery
• Royal Mews
• Wellington Arch
• Apsley House
• Shepherd Market
• Green Park
• Faraday Museum (reconstruction of Faraday's, the pioneer of the 19th century in the use of electricity, scientific items and personal objects)
  

Whitehall and Westminster

These areas have been the centre of political and religious power in England for a thousand years.

Sites to visit:

• Houses of Parliament
• Big Ben (it is the bell, not the clock!)
  
• Jewel Tower (this and Westminster Hall are the only remains of the old Palace of Westminster)
  
• Westminster Abbey
• Dean's Yard (Dryden and Ben Johnson -the writer, not the athlete- used to walk around it)
  
• Saint Margaret's church (Margaret, not Margarit; we're ogres in my family, not saints)
• Parliament Square
• Cenotaph (monument to the dead of World War I)
• Downing Street (the Prime Minister's residence; you need important contacts to visit it)
• Cabinet War Rooms and Churchill Museum (World War II cabinet rooms)
• Banqueting House (First building to adopt the Paladian architectural style from Italy in London)
• House Guards Parade
• Trafalgar Studios
• Queen Ann's Gate (big elegant houses from 1704. The M15, the British Secret Service, is supposed to have organised its activities in here until recently)
• Guards Museum
• Saint James's Park Station (it holds the London Transport Company and has works of Jacob Epstein and Henry Moore)
• Blewcoat School
• Westminster Cathedral
• Saint John en Smith Square (English baroque masterpiece, today an auditorium)
• Tate Britain
  

The Thames- Part 2

From Southwark Bridge to Saint Katharine's Dock

North side of the river:

• Fishmongers' Hall - 1834 (la llotja)
  
• The Monument -remember the Great Fire?
• Billingsgate - old fish market
• The Customs - in a 1825 building
• Tower of London
• Tower Bridge - London Bridge
• Saint Katharine's Dock - nowadays a sporting yatch dock

South side of the river:

• Globe Theatre
• Southwark Cathedral - Some parts of the building date back to the 12th century. It has several monuments dedicated to Shakespeare
• Saint Olave's House - art déco building
• Hay's Galleria - old dock under roof with shops and restaurants
• HMS Belfast - World War II ship, currently a museum
  
• Tower Millenium Pier - impressive new townhall building with government and mayor offices
• Butlers Wharf - old Victorian warehouses, currently appartments
• Design museum
  

The Thames- Part 1

From Westminster Bridge to Blackfriars Bridge

North side of the river:

• Westminster
• Banqueting house
• Charing Cross station -in a postmodern complex of shops and offices
  
• Embankment Gardens -there are many free music concerts (in the summer)
• Cleopatra's Needle - an Egyptian obelisc donated to England in 1819
  
• Shell Mex House - the oil company offices
• Savoy Hotel
• Somerset House -from 1786 with 3 art galleries
• Temple and Inns of Court - the lawyer buildings for 500 years.
  
• Saint Paul's Cathedral

South side of the river:

• County Hall - the London aquarium is inside
• British Airways London Eye - Impressive views of the city. You'll like it.
• The South Bank - A complex that includes The Royal Albert Hall, The National Theatre and the Hayward Gallery
• Gabriel's Warf - arts and crafts market
• Oxo Tower
  
• Doggett's Coat and Badge - A pub with the name of a famous regatta
• The Tate Modern
  

End of Section 1 & introduction to Section 2

Dear Students,

I'm glad to let you know this is the end of section 1. This means that any new collaboration will not be included in the reading examination this term.

In section 2 we will have a different look at London. If in section 1 we looked at it historically, now we will see the different neighbourhoods/suburbs/areas and what you can find in each of them. Then we will be able to plan the different routes. Needless to say I will suggest/inform of interesting sites, but you can always find more or different places to visit. It is up to you to include them, first in the area discussed, and then in one of the routes.






Here you can see a map of London. We will divide it into 15 areas. Every area will have a map and possible sites to visit. Next to the area map, there will be another smaller one that shows the size and position of the area we are working with in relation to London as a whole.

Enjoy the planning of the trip

East End boys and West End girls?

Because in London there were two areas: the west and the east. In the west lived the rich people, like bankers, and they had big and elegant houses. And in east lived the people who suffered poverty, where disease, crime and drunkeness were common.

So in the song, eastern boys are poor and western girls are wealthy, “good-family” girls.

Xisco, Josep S and Víctor V 1^st bat A

The Roman Mytra Temple

You can find the foundations of the Mytra Temple in Queen Victoria Street. It was uncovered by a bomb during World War II. There is not much information available, but you can check the following:

en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithras



Jofre, Sergi & Dani L 1st bat A (with a little help from my ...)

Museum of London

London is one of the most vibrant and cosmopolitan cities in the world with a story stretching back over a quarter of a million years. Museum of London is committed to recording and explaining change in every part of London life, to tell its past, present and future stories.

Museum of London is one of the world’s largest urban history museums and cares for over two million objects in its collection. The lower galleries are currently undergoing major redevelopment work which will see spectacular new galleries opening in spring 2010 telling the story of modern London from 1666 to the present day.

The Museum also holds the largest archaeological archive in Europe of this wealth of information.

Museum of London's mission is to inspire a passion for London by:

• communicating London’s history, archaeology and contemporary cultures to a wider world,

• reaching all of London’s communities through playing a role in the debate about London,

• facilitating and contributing to London-wide cultural and educational networks.

Visit the site at: www.museumoflondon.org.uk

Xavier A & Borja N 1^st bat C

Staple Inn

Staple Inn

Staple Inn is a building on the south side of High Holborn in London. Located near Chancery Lane tube station, it is used as the London office of the Institute of Actuaries and is the last surviving Inn of Chancery. In 1292 it contained a building known as ‘le Stapled Halle’, which was probably a covered market. A tradition would make this the Inn of the Merchants of the Staple.

The “Staple” originated in a duty on wool that was introduced in 1275 at the “request of the communities of merchants” with the intention that the burden of tax should fall on the foreign buyers of wool. Staple Inn remained owned by woolstaplers, probably until 1580 when the members of the Society built a new Hall on its current site. The Fellows of the Society were wealthy men and their Hall reflected this. In 1936 the old buildings at the front of Staple Inn on High Holborn were completely restored having survived in their original condition since 1586.

The Staple Inn façade is the only example of Elisabethan style in good condition in London. People from 1580's would recognise the building nowadays. The shops around it remind us of the 19^th century, and in the inside court, one can see 18^th century buildings.

Alejandro G & David G 1^st bat C

The Astronomical Clock at Hampton Court Palace

• The astronomical clock was constructed between 1540 and 1542 when

Henry VIII was rebuilding Cardinal Wolsey’s original Hampton Court.

The tower that houses the clock overlooks Clock Court, in the centre of

the palace.

• There are three bells in the belfry, the oldest of which was cast in

1478. It had been given to Cardinal Wolsey by the Knights of St John

in Jerusalem who leased the Manor of Hampton Court to Wolsey on

the 11th January 1514.

• The clock was made by French clockmaker Nicholas Oursian and is a

marvel of the sixteenth century clockmaker’s skill. He was appointed

clock-keeper to Hampton Court in 1541 and was clockmaker to

successive monarchs until his death in 1590. The design of the clock is

credited to the Bavarian astronomer Nicholas Cratzer, who came to

England at the invitation of Cardinal Wolsey.

• The dial is extremely complicated. It is fifteen feet in diameter and

consists of three separate copper dials, of different sizes, with a

common centre but revolving at different speeds. The hours, in two

sets of twelve, were originally painted on the stone but are now painted

on metal segments affixed to the stonework.

• The clock tells the hour, month, day of the month, the position of the

sun in the ecliptic, the twelve signs of the zodiac, the number of days

that have elapsed since the beginning of the year, the phases of the

moon, its age in days, the hour in which it crosses the meridian, and,

therefore, the time of high water at London Bridge. As Henry VIII often

travelled by river in the Royal barge the king insisted Cratzer install an

astronomical clock at the palace to indicate the time of high tide in

Press Office, Waterloo Block, HM Tower of London, London EC3N 4AB

Registered Charity No 1068852 www.hrp.org.uk

London, and therefore the best time to travel by boat.

• This clock was designed before the discoveries of Copernicus and

Galileo, when it was believed the sun revolved around the earth rather

than the earth around the sun. Consequently the clock depicts the

earth represented as a small globe in the centre, while the sun goes

around it on a pointer.

Aroa, David P & Rubén R 1^st bat A

The Monument

The Monument to the Great Fire

The elegant Portland stone column was designed by Sir Christopher Wren and Robert Hooke to commemorate the fire of 1666, which engulfed much of the city.
The Monument is the tallest isolated stone column in the world, towering above the city at 202ft (61m) and has a spiral staircase with 311 steps leading to the observation platform.

It is located at the junction of Monument Street and Fish Street Hill 202ft (61m) from the spot in Pudding Lane where the Great Fire is thought to have started.
Repairs to The Monument are carried out roughly every hundred years, with work last undertaken in 1888.

Memorial. The Great Fire of London began in the early morning hours of September, 2nd 1666 in the Pudding Lane house of Thomas Farynor, a baker to the king. A maid in the house became the first fatality of the conflagration. The fire spread rapidly through the city of wood and thatch under the impetus of a strong east wind. By eight o'clock that morning, the fire had spread halfway across London Bridge. The fire brigades had no success in containing the fire with buckets of water. The standard fire fighting tactic of destroying the buildings in the path of the flames, creating fire-breaks, were delayed by the indecisiveness of the Lord Mayor. By the time a Royal command for the fire breaks was passed it was far too late for them to be effective against the firestorm. The flames pushed north on Monday into the heart of the City, and on Tuesday, spread over most of the City destroying St. Paul's Cathedral and jumping the River Fleet to threaten Whitehall; flames destroyed Gracechurch Street, Lombard Street, and the Royal Exchange, and halted near Temple Church before it suddenly flared to life again, continuing towards Westminster. Eventually the strong east winds died down, turned south and blew the fire onto itself and into the river. Gunpowder was used to create more effective firebreaks which halted further spread eastward. Sources record only minimal loss of life, officially less than twenty, though that has been disputed, but the magnitude of the property loss was staggering. As much as 80% of the city was destroyed, including over 13,000 houses, 89 churches, and 52 Guild Halls.

Silvia A, Marta L & Laura M 1^st bat C

Lady Chapel in Westminster Abbey

Get your own - Open publication

London Football Stadiums & Wimbledon

Get your own - Open publication

Lincoln's Inn

More about it.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gwr2QWl7zMI

Domingo V & David G 1st bat C

Victoria Station

Get your own - Open publication

Lincoln's Inn

Get your own - Open publication

Westminster Abbey

Westminster Abbey

The Collegiate Church of St Peter at Westminster, which is almost always referred to popularly and informally as Westminster Abbey, is a large, mainly Gothic church, in Westminster, London, just to the west of the Palace of Westminster. It is the traditional place of coronation and burial site for English, later British and later still (and currently) Monarchs of the Commonwealth Realms. It briefly held the status of a cathedral from 1546–1556, and is currently a Royal Peculiar.

History

According to tradition the abbey was first founded in 616 on the present site, then known as Thorn Ey (Thorn Island); based on a late 'tradition' that a fisherman called ' Aldrich ' on the River Thames saw a vision of Saint Peter near the site. This seems to be quoted to justify the presents of salmon from the Thames fishermen that the Abbey received in later years. The proven origins are that in the 960s or early 970s, Saint Dunstan, assisted by King Edgar, planted a community of Benedictine monks here. A stone Abbey was built around 1045–1050 by King Edward the Confessor as part of his palace there: it was consecrated on December 28, 1065, only a week before the Confessor's death and subsequent funeral and burial. It was the site of the last coronation prior to the Norman Invasion, that of his successor King Harold. It was later rebuilt by Henry III from 1245, who had selected the site for his burial.

The only extant depiction of the original Abbey, in the Romanesque style that is called Norman in England, together with the adjacent Palace of Westminster, is in the Bayeux Tapestry.

The Abbot and learned monks, in close proximity to the Royal Palace of Westminster, the seat of government from the later twelfth century, became a powerful force in the centuries after the Norman Conquest: the Abbot was often employed on royal service and in due course took his place in the House of Lords as of right. He was released from the burdens of spiritual leadership, which passed to the reformed Cluniac movement after the mid-tenth century, and occupied with the administration of great landed properties, some of which lay far from Westminster. The proximity of the Palace of Westminster did not extend to providing monks or abbots with high royal connections; in social origin the Benedictines of Westminster were as modest as most of the order. The abbot remained Lord of the Manor of Westminster as a town of two to three thousand persons grew around it: as a consumer and employer on a grand scale the monastery helped fuel the town economy, and relations with the town remained unusually cordial

The Abbey became the coronation site of Norman kings, but none were buried there until Henry III, intensely devoted to the cult of the Confessor, rebuilt the Abbey in Anglo-French Gothic style as a shrine to honour St Edward the Confessor and as a suitably regal setting for Henry's own tomb, under the highest Gothic nave in England. The Confessor's shrine subsequently played a great part in his canonisation.

Henry VIII assumed direct royal control in 1539 and granted the Abbey cathedral status by charter in 1540. By granting the Abbey cathedral status Henry VIII gained an excuse to spare it from the destruction or dissolution which he inflicted on most English abbeys during this period. Westminster was a cathedral only until 1550. The expression "robbing Peter to pay Paul" may arise from this period when money meant for the Abbey, which was dedicated to St Peter, was diverted to the treasury of St Paul's Cathedral.

The Abbey was restored to the Benedictines under the Catholic Queen Mary, but they were again ejected under Queen Elizabeth I in 1559. In 1579, Elizabeth re-established Westminster as a "Royal Peculiar"—a church responsible directly to the sovereign, rather than to a diocesan bishop—and made it the Collegiate Church of St Peter, (that is a church with an attached chapter of canons, headed by a dean). The last Abbot was made the first Dean. It suffered damage during the turbulent 1640s, when it was attacked by Puritan iconoclasts, but was again protected by its close ties to the state during the Commonwealth period. Oliver Cromwell was given an elaborate funeral there in 1658, only to be disinterred in January 1661 and posthumously hanged from a nearby gibbet.

Until the 19th century, Westminster was the third seat of learning in England, after Oxford and Cambridge. It was here that the first third of the King James Bible Old Testament and the last half of the New Testament were translated. The New English Bible was also put together here in the 20th century.

Westminster suffered minor damage during the Blitz on November 15, 1940.

Coronations

Since the coronations in 1066 of both King Harold and William the Conqueror, all English and British monarchs (except Edward V and Edward VIII, who did not have coronations) have been crowned in the Abbey. Henry III was unable to be crowned in London when he first came to the throne because Prince Louis of France had taken control of the city, and so was crowned in Gloucester Cathedral, but this coronation was deemed by the Pope to be improper, and a further coronation was held in the Abbey on the 17^th of May 1220. Lady Jane Grey, whose reign lasted just nine days and was of doubtful legality, was also never crowned. The Archbishop of Canterbury is the traditional cleric in the coronation ceremony. King Edward's Chair (or St Edward's Chair), the throne on which British sovereigns are seated at the moment of coronation, is housed within the Abbey and has been used at every coronation since 1308; from 1301 to 1996 the chair also housed the Stone of Scone upon which the kings of Scotland are crowned, but pending another coronation the Stone is now kept in Scotland.

Burials and memorials

Henry III rebuilt the Abbey in honour of the Royal Saint Edward the Confessor whose relics were placed in a shrine in the sanctuary and now lie in a burial vault beneath the 1268 mosaic pavement, in front of the High Altar. Henry III was interred nearby in a superb chest tomb with effigial monument, as were many of the Plantagenet kings of England, their wives and other relatives. Subsequently, most Kings and Queens of England were buried here, although Henry VIII and Charles I are buried in St George's Chapel at Windsor Castle, as are all monarchs and royals after George II.

Aristocrats were buried inside chapels and monks and people associated with the Abbey were buried in the Cloisters and other areas. One of these was Geoffrey Chaucer, who was buried here as he had apartments in the Abbey where he was employed as master of the Kings Works. Other poets were buried or memorialized around Chaucer in what became known as Poets' Corner. These include; William Blake, Robert Burns, Lord Byron, John Dryden, George Eliot, T. S. Eliot, Thomas Gray, Gerard Manley Hopkins, John Masefield, John Keats, John Milton, Alexander Pope, Nicholas Rowe, Percy B. Shelley, Rudyard Kipling, Thomas Shadwell, William Shakespeare and William Wordsworth. (This is a must-see corner, students; Where can you find a place with so many wonderful writers buried so close?)

Abbey musicians such as Henry Purcell were also buried in their place of work. Subsequently it became an honour to be buried or memorialised here. The practice spread from aristocrats and poets to generals, admirals, politicians, scientists, doctors, etc.

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